printf '%s\n' {1..10}
{1..3}
is expanded to the numbers 1 2 3 by Brace Expansion. (See in man bash
the section on "Brace Expansion".)
printf '%s\n' ...
prints each parameter followed by a newline character.
This is a neat trick for example to print items of an array one per line, rather than space-separated on a single line.
for i in {1..10}; do echo "$i"; done
seq 1 10